Description
The motor control board, as the “brain” of a motor, is an electronic circuit board for motor operation control. It converts external commands into electrical signals for motor functions like start, stop, speed/torque adjustment, and direction control. In industrial lines, it precisely controls conveyor belt motor speed for smooth product transport.
1.Main Components
Microcontroller (MCU) or Digital Signal Processor (DSP): The core, handling input signals, running algorithms, and generating drive commands. High – performance systems use DSP for complex math in precise control.
Power Drive Module: Amplifies weak signals from MCU/DSP with components like MOSFET/IGBT to power the motor, crucial in high – voltage/current EV applications.
Power Module: Supplies appropriate power by converting AC to DC or adapting DC voltages, e.g., converting 220V mains to required DC levels.
Sensor Interface Module: Connects sensors (Hall, encoder) for real – time motor status feedback, enabling precise closed – loop control in applications like CNC machine tools.
Communication Interface Module: Facilitates communication with external devices (PC, PLC, etc.) via RS – 232, RS – 485, CAN bus, Ethernet for remote control, monitoring, and parameter configuration.
2.Working Principle
Open – loop Control: Drives the motor based on preset commands without considering feedback, suitable for simple applications like small fan motors.
Closed – loop Control: Compares sensor – fed motor status with preset values and adjusts output via algorithms (e.g., PID) for precise control, as in elevator systems.
3.Application Scenarios
Industrial: Used in automation equipment (machines, robots, production lines) for precise motor movement in complex processes.
Transportation: Key in EV, motorcycle, and bicycle drive systems for speed/torque control and energy recovery.
Smart Home: Controls home appliance motors (AC, washer, curtain) per user and environment.
Medical: Ensures high – precision operation in medical devices (X – ray, CT, surgical robots)
